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Installing and configuring Tomcat for Eclipse and NetBeans

Probably You always wanted to write your own web-based application in Java (ok, read: writing another Facebook-like portal and live in luxury in Dubai to the end of Your life ;-)). Of course it is possible, but before that inevitable moment occurs, You have to do much more simple thing - configure the environment for developing web applications (unless You are headmaster in Your own company and someone else does it for you...).

So let's look at how to configure Apache Tomcat which is professionally defined as the servlet container (i.e. for JSP). I will show how to configure it under Eclipse and NetBeans.

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Eclipse:

Recall that so far we have managed to install Java and set up Eclipse to work with it. It is time for Tomcat. 

Step 1: download the Tomcat binary distribution (core version as a .zip file) from here (use current Tomcat 6.x version, 6.0.32 - edited on Tuesday, July 26, 2011)

Step 2: Unpack the .zip from step 1 to the C:\Development\Tomcat_Eclipse directory. We should get something like this:

Step 3: Open Eclipse IDE and the Java EE perspective (Window menu -> Open Perspective -> Other -> Java EE). This will be the default perspective for our work. Using this perspective, at the bottom in the "Servers" tab we add a new server:

Step 4: Configure the new server. Select the type of the server in accordance with step 1 (Tomcat 6), and leave the name set to localhost:

Step 5: Further configuration of the new server. Select the server's installation directory and Java virtual machine which will be used - in this case it will be the same virtual machine which we configured to work with Eclipse (description here).

Step 6: Basic configuration of a server

First we allow the Eclipse to manage Tomcat installation (so we can start and stop the server directly from Eclipse). Second we change the "deploy-path" from proposed to the Tomcat default webapps directory (in our case C:\Development\Tomcat\webapps) - it is the default directory where Tomcat keeps web applications. The third and final thing is to change the way Tomcat publish applications on the server - each application will have a separate xml configuration file in Tomcat (so-called "context" file).

Tomcat is ready and configured to work. We can start and stop it using the icons on the right side in the "Servers" tab. The results of these operations (logs), are visible in the "Console" tab.

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NetBeans:

We do not need to install Tomcat under NetBeans - provided that we followed instructions from this post. We should have Tomcat installed.

If we did not install Tomcat during NetBeans installation, we can do it similar like for Eclipse. Just unpack the Tomcat to specified directory, start NetBeans and go to the Tools -> Servers -> Add Server:

The rest of the installation steps are similar to that of Eclipse and it should not cause trouble.

Installing PostgreSQL (hard version)

In a previous post I showed how to install PostgreSQL using Windows installer. It was quite easy. But ...

There are people that do not play with such ease, what is more, they can not stand when the system is doing something for them in the background, when something is installed - some services, user accounts... They feel insecure, they are suspicious - only the execution of all activities from the command line calms their nerves.

This time, I prepared the description for the people who love technical masturbation and who love to do everything manually and have everything under control. We'll become the PostgreSQL installer and manually execute all the installation steps to get an effect similar to using Windows Installer. So, let's get to work.

Requirements:

• we are working on the account with Administrator rights (or we belong to the Administrators group)
• database will be installed to C:\Development\PostgreSQL (the same as when using Windows Installer)
• disable all antivirus/firewall (this one from Windows too)

Step 1: download the version of the installation file (.zip) of PostgreSQL from here. Download the file with the "binaries-no-installer" part in its name.

Step 2: extract the contents of the file from step 1, to C:\Development\PostgreSQL (zip has the pgsql directory and rest of the folders inside it - I recommend to get rid of it and move all subfolders to C:\Development\PostgreSQL - we will have a shorter path). We should get something like this:

Step 3: we need to create an empty directory named "data" in the directory C:\Development\PostgreSQL (along with the rest of the directories from the picture above).

Step 4: create and initialize the database cluster (remember that we are working on the account with Administrator rights). To do this go to the console to the directory C:\Development\PostgreSQL\bin and execute the command:

Desription:

• option "-U root" means the owner of the database named root - such user account will be created in database (as a superuser)
• option "-W" means that You will be prompted for a password for this user
• option "-D .. \ data" means the location of the files for generated database
• option "- encoding = UTF8" means that the server will have UTF8 encoding by default (each newly created database too!)

After executing this command, we should see sometling like this:

At the bottom, PostgreSQL offers us to run a newly created database using two different commands. It will not work (You can execute those command to see what error is generated) - remember that we are working on account with Administrator rights, and for safety reasons, we can not start and stop the PostgreSQL server on that account. We should create a system service which will run PostgreSQL server process.

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The short version:

Step 5: Perform the following command in the console:

That's all. You're done. The service will be created and registered for the Local System Account. This is a special account which can run services, but it is not a typical account with administrator privileges (more info here).

Do not run the service yet.

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Long version:

Step 5: continue to imitate the installer. PostgreSQL installer creates a special account with no administrator privileges - so we will also create such account. Acount login and password will be both set to "postgres". We go to Computer Management, then Users:

Now we add new user with login and password postgres:

For the security reason we do not allow to change the password.

We would like now to make "postgres" account able to run the PostgreSQL server. So we need to create and register a special service for this account, which will carry out these operations. Before we do that we need to assign to this account the appropriate permissions to directories where database server is installed.

Step 6: Change the access permissions for the directory server for the postgres account.

And so:

1. Directory C:\Development should only have read permission.

2. Directory C:\Development\PostgreSQL (and its subdirectories) should have all possible permissions.

Step 7: Registering the service.

Using the console go to the directory C:\Development\PostgreSQL\bin and execute there this command:

Description:

• option -N "PostgreSQL Service" defines the service name
• option -U postgres says on what account the service is launched
• option -P postgres gives the password for service account
• option -D "C:\Development\PostgreSQL\data" tells where database cluster is located (be careful it is very important here to give the full path to the directory "data")

We do not run the service.

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Configuration:

Before starting the service must change the basic settings. Move to the directory C:\Development\PostgreSQL\database and open the file postgresql.conf. In this file, You must find and uncomment the following lines:

• listen_addresses = 'localhost'
• port = 5432

Now You can start a service in the panel management services.

If everything was done properly, the service should start. If we chose the longer version, in case of trouble with starting the service we should go to the configuration of a service, then select an account for this service and retype password for that service (in our case: postgres)

Theoretically we have the ability to log from the console to the database using the command line (marked red colour):

Thus we should get exactly the same result as using the Windows Installer.

Notes: a short way works ok under Windows XP Prof., should also works ok under Windows Vista - in both systems there is the Local System Account for services. For Windows 2000 You must perform the installation in a long way. For safety, PostgreSQL installer always chooses longer way - it creates an account for the service, then creates sevice itself and registers it to the created account.

Installing PostgreSQL (soft version)

Installing PostgreSQL is theoretically piece of cake, but in my opinion there are some aspects worth saying a little more.

Those who installed MySQL database using the graphic installer on Windows, know that the installation process goes something like this: "Next, next, next, yes I want to have root access from remote machines, quit." This is almost the same as installing any program on Windows. PostgreSQL installer is not much more different in this case.

So what's the point? In a slightly different philosophy of security model - different than in MySQL. Okay, enough of this pseudo-technological gibberish - let's install database.

Step 1: Download the PostgreSQL from here. Download a file named postgresql-8.3.7-1.zip.

Step 2: After unpacking the zip file, run the installer and choose English

Step 3: after the splash screen and license information installer will ask us about the target installation directory. I suggest using directory C:\Development\PostgreSQL.

Step 4: Configure account for the PostgreSQL service.

It is convenient to install PostgreSQL as a service in Windows - the database server will always run at startup. We have something new in this point: PostgreSQL requires a special account in the system that does not have administrator rights in order to start the database service and initialize the database cluster. It is important to set a well-known password for this account, because in case of problems with PostgreSQL we will be able to use this account to peform some fixes on database files.

Step 5: configure the settings of the database server, super user account (root) and access from remote machines.

This is a step similar to step in the installation of MySQL, I recommend setting the server and client encoding to UTF-8 - this is the standard that should be use instead of some bizarre national encoding. Why? Because it gives us the flexibility - perhaps we want to store in our database accented Polish and German umlauts. In addition we will avoid potential problems with conversions etc.

Step 6: Installation.

Warning: before installation make sure that You have enabled and running Windows service named "Secondary Logon". Our system account "postgres" from step 4 needs that service. When it is not enabled, the installer will report an error:

Just turn on the service and the trouble is gone. Then on next screens just click "Next" without changing anything until You get to the last screen - the final step in our installation process.

Step 7: The end of the installation.

The selected checkbox allows You to install additional software and extensions for PostgreSQL. At the moment we do not need them so we can safely uncheck it and complete the installation - voila, we have PostgresSQL :-)

Okay, once we have database installed, let's take a look inside - just to write simple SELECT and be proud of Yourself that You still remember some SQL syntax ;-) Nothing could be more simple. Along with PostgreSQL was installed pgAdminIII - an advanced graphical client. Just find it in the windows start menu and run:

When You double-click the server, You will be asked for Your root password from step 5. After typing the correct password, You will be logged to the server as root (superuser):

PostgreSQL creates a default database named "postgres". We can log in to this default database using command line. Of course, we can also delete this database. Then we have available two more so-called "service" databases that are hidden (they are not visible by default in pgAdmin tree view). The names of those databases are "template0" and "template1". PgAdmin allows us to configure the server, manage users, roles, databases, etc. For details, refer to the documentation.

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